#list1 is the list of six even numbers
>>> list1 = [2,4,6,8,10,12]
>>> print(list1)
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12]

#list2 is the list of vowels
>>> list2 = ['a','e','i','o','u']
>>> print(list2)
['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']

#list3 is the list of mixed data types
>>> list3 = [100,23.5,'Hello']
>>> print(list3)
[100, 23.5, 'Hello']

#list4 is the list of lists called nested list
>>> list4 =[['Physics',101],['Chemistry',202], ['Maths',303]]
>>> print(list4)
[['Physics', 101], ['Chemistry', 202], ['Maths', 303]]

#initializes a list list1
>>> list1 = [2,4,6,8,10,12]

>>> list1[0]
2

>>> list1[3]
8

#return error as index is out of range
>>> list1[15]
IndexError: list index out of range

#an expression resulting in an integer index
>>> list1[1+4]
12

>>> list1[-1]
12

#length of the list list1 is assigned to n
>>> n = len(list1)
>>> print(n)
6

#return the last element of the list1
>>> list1[n-1]
12

#return the first element of list1
>>> list1[-n]
2

#List list1 of colors
>>> list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue','Orange']

#change/override the fourth element of list1
>>> list1[3] = 'Black'

>>> list1
['Red', 'Green', 'Blue', 'Black']

#list1 is list of first five odd integers
>>> list1 = [1,3,5,7,9]

#list2 is list of first five even integers
>>> list2 = [2,4,6,8,10]

#elements of list1 followed by list2
>>> list1 + list2
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

>>> list3 = ['Red','Green','Blue']
>>> list4 = ['Cyan', 'Magenta', 'Yellow' ,'Black']

>>> list3 + list4
['Red','Green','Blue','Cyan','Magenta',
 'Yellow','Black']

>>> list1 = [1,2,3]
>>> str1 = "abc"
>>> list1 + str1
TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "str") to list

>>> list1 = ['Hello']

#elements of list1 repeated 4 times
>>> list1 * 4
['Hello', 'Hello', 'Hello', 'Hello']

>>> list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue']

>>> 'Green' in list1
True

>>> 'Cyan' in list1
False

>>> 'Cyan' not in list1
True

>>> 'Green' not in list1
False

>>> list1 =['Red','Green','Blue','Cyan',
'Magenta','Yellow','Black']

>>> list1[2:6]
['Blue', 'Cyan', 'Magenta', 'Yellow']

#list1 is truncated to the end of the list
>>> list1[2:20]
['Blue', 'Cyan', 'Magenta', 'Yellow', 'Black']

#first index > second index
>>> list1[7:2]
[]

#return sublist from index 0 to 4
>>> list1[:5]
['Red','Green','Blue','Cyan','Magenta']

#slicing with a given step size
>>> list1[0:6:2]
['Red','Blue','Magenta']

#negative indexes
>>> list1[-6:-2]
['Green','Blue','Cyan','Magenta']

#both first and last index missing
>>> list1[::2]
['Red','Blue','Magenta','Black']

#negative step size
#whole list in the reverse order
>>> list1[::-1]
['Black','Yellow','Magenta','Cyan','Blue',
 'Green','Red']

>>> list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue','Yellow','Black']

>>> for item in list1:
    print(item)

Output:
Red
Green
Blue
Yellow
Black

>>> for i in range(len(list1)):
    print(list1[i])

Output:
Red
Green
Blue
Yellow
Black

>>> list1 = ['Red','Green','Blue','Yellow','Black']

>>> i = 0
>>> while i < len(list1):
    print(list1[i])
    i += 1

Output:
Red
Green
Blue
Yellow
Black

>>> list1 = [1,2,'a','c',[6,7,8],4,9]

#fifth element of list is also a list
>>> list1[4]
[6, 7, 8]

>>> list1[4][1]
7

>>> list1 = [1,2,3]
>>> list2 = list1

>>> list1
[1, 2, 3]

>>> list2
[1, 2, 3]

>>> list1.append(10)

>>> list1
[1, 2, 3, 10]

>>> list2
[1, 2, 3, 10]

>>> list1 = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> list2 = list1[:]
>>> list2
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

>>> list1 = [10,20,30,40]
>>> list2 = list(list1)
>>> list2
[10, 20, 30, 40]

import copy

newList = copy.copy(oldList)

>>> import copy
>>> list1 = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> list2 = copy.copy(list1)
>>> list2
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

#Program 9-1
#Function to increment the elements of the list passed as argument
def increment(list2):
    for i in range(0,len(list2)):
        #5 is added to individual elements in the list
        list2[i] += 5
    print('Reference of list Inside Function',id(list2))
#end of function

list1 = [10,20,30,40,50] #Create a list
print("Reference of list in Main",id(list1))
print("The list before the function call")
print(list1)

increment(list1) #list1 is passed as parameter to function

print("The list after the function call")
print(list1)

Output:

Reference of list in Main 70615968
The list before the function call
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
Reference of list Inside Function 70615968 #The id remains same
The list after the function call
[15, 25, 35, 45, 55]

#Program 9-2
#Function to increment the elements of the list passed as argument
def increment(list2):
    print("\nID of list inside function before assignment:", id(list2))
    list2 = [15,25,35,45,55] #List2 assigned a new list
    print("ID of list changes inside function after assignment:", id(list2))
    print("The list inside the function after assignment is:")
    print(list2)
#end of function

list1 = [10,20,30,40,50] #Create a list
print("ID of list before function call:",id(list1))
print("The list before function call:")
print(list1)

increment(list1) #list1 passed as parameter to function

print('\nID of list after function call:',id(list1))
print("The list after the function call:")
print(list1)

Output:

ID of list before function call: 65565640
The list before function call:
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
ID of list inside function before assignment:65565640
ID of list changes inside function after assignment:65565600
The list inside the function after assignment is:
[15, 25, 35, 45, 55]
ID of list after function call: 65565640
The list after the function call:
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

#Program 9-3
#Menu driven program to do various list operations
myList = [22,4,16,38,13] #myList already has 5 elements
choice = 0

while True:
    print("The list 'myList' has the following elements", myList)
    print("\nL I S T O P E R A T I O N S")
    print(" 1. Append an element")
    print(" 2. Insert an element at the desired position")
    print(" 3. Append a list to the given list")
    print(" 4. Modify an existing element")
    print(" 5. Delete an existing element by its position")
    print(" 6. Delete an existing element by its value")
    print(" 7. Sort the list in ascending order")
    print(" 8. Sort the list in descending order")
    print(" 9. Display the list")
    print(" 10. Exit")

    choice = int(input("ENTER YOUR CHOICE (1-10): "))

    #append element
    if choice == 1:
        element = int(input("Enter the element to be appended: "))
        myList.append(element)
        print("The element has been appended\n")

    #insert an element at desired position
    elif choice == 2:
        element = int(input("Enter the element to be inserted: "))
        pos = int(input("Enter the position:"))
        myList.insert(pos,element)
        print("The element has been inserted\n")

    #append a list to the given list
    elif choice == 3:
        newList = eval(input("Enter the elements separated by commas"))
        myList.extend(list(newList))
        print("The list has been appended\n")

    #modify an existing element
    elif choice == 4:
        i = int(input("Enter the position of the element to be modified: "))
        if i < len(myList):
            newElement = int(input("Enter the new element: "))
            oldElement = myList[i]
            myList[i] = newElement
            print("The element",oldElement,"has been modified\n")
        else:
            print("Position of the element is more than the length of list")

    #delete an existing element by position
    elif choice == 5:
        i = int(input("Enter the position of the element to be deleted: "))
        if i < len(myList):
            element = myList.pop(i)
            print("The element",element,"has been deleted\n")
        else:
            print("\nPosition of the element is more than the length of list")

    #delete an existing element by value
    elif choice == 6:
        element = int(input("\nEnter the element to be deleted: "))
        if element in myList:
            myList.remove(element)
            print("\nThe element",element,"has been deleted\n")
        else:
            print("\nElement",element,"is not present in the list")

    #list in sorted order
    elif choice == 7:
        myList.sort()
        print("\nThe list has been sorted")

    #list in reverse sorted order
    elif choice == 8:
        myList.sort(reverse = True)
        print("\nThe list has been sorted in reverse order")

    #display the list
    elif choice == 9:
        print("\nThe list is:", myList)

    #exit from the menu
    elif choice == 10:
        break

    else:
        print("Choice is not valid")

    print("\n\nPress any key to continue..............")
    ch = input()

The list 'myList' has the following elements [22, 4, 16, 38, 13]
L I S T O P E R A T I O N S
1. Append an element
2. Insert an element at the desired position
3. Append a list to the given list
4. Modify an existing element
5. Delete an existing element by its position
6. Delete an existing element by its value
7. Sort the list in ascending order
8. Sort the list in descending order
9. Display the list
10. Exit

ENTER YOUR CHOICE (1-10): 8
The list has been sorted in reverse order

The list 'myList' has the following elements [38, 22, 16, 13, 4]
L I S T O P E R A T I O N S
1. Append an element
2. Insert an element at the desired position
3. Append a list to the given list
4. Modify an existing element
5. Delete an existing element by its position
6. Delete an existing element by its value
7. Sort the list in ascending order
8. Sort the list in descending order
9. Display the list
10. Exit

ENTER YOUR CHOICE (1-10): 5
Enter the position of the element to be deleted: 2
The element 16 has been deleted

The list 'myList' has the following elements [38, 22, 13, 4]
L I S T O P E R A T I O N S
1. Append an element
2. Insert an element at the desired position
3. Append a list to the given list
4. Modify an existing element
5. Delete an existing element by its position
6. Delete an existing element by its value
7. Sort the list in ascending order
8. Sort the list in descending order
9. Display the list
10. Exit

#Program 9-4
#Function to calculate average marks of n students
def computeAverage(list1,n):
    #initialize total
    total = 0

    for marks in list1:
        #add marks to total
        total = total + marks

    average = total / n
    return average

#create an empty list
list1 = []

print("How many students marks you want to enter: ")
n = int(input())

for i in range(0,n):
    print("Enter marks of student",(i+1),":")
    marks = int(input())
    #append marks in the list
    list1.append(marks)

average = computeAverage(list1,n)
print("Average marks of",n,"students is:",average)

How many students marks you want to enter:
5

Enter marks of student 1:
45

Enter marks of student 2:
89

Enter marks of student 3:
79

Enter marks of student 4:
76

Enter marks of student 5:
55

Average marks of 5 students is: 68.8

#Program 9-5
#Function to check if a number is present in the list or not
def linearSearch(num,list1):
    for i in range(0,len(list1)):
        if list1[i] == num: #num is present
            return i #return the position

    return None #num is not present in the list
#end of function

list1 = [] #Create an empty list

print("How many numbers do you want to enter in the list: ")
maximum = int(input())

print("Enter a list of numbers: ")

for i in range(0,maximum):
    n = int(input())
    list1.append(n) #append numbers to the list

num = int(input("Enter the number to be searched: "))
result = linearSearch(num,list1)

if result is None:
    print("Number",num,"is not present in the list")
else:
    print("Number",num,"is present at",result + 1, "position")

How many numbers do you want to enter in the list:
5

Enter a list of numbers:
23
567
12
89
324

Enter the number to be searched:12

Number 12 is present at 3 position

i.
list1 = [12,32,65,26,80,10]
list1.sort()
print(list1)

ii.
list1 = [12,32,65,26,80,10]
sorted(list1)
print(list1)

iii.
list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
list1[::-2]
list1[:3] + list1[3:]

iv.
list1 = [1,2,3,4,5]
list1[len(list1)-1]

myList = [10,20,30,40]

i. myList.append([50,60])

ii. myList.extend([80,90])

myList = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]

for i in range(0,len(myList)):
    if i%2 == 0:
        print(myList[i])

a.
myList = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
del myList[3:]
print(myList)

b.
myList = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
del myList[:5]
print(myList)

c.
myList = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
del myList[::2]
print(myList)

a. list1 * 2
b. list1 *= 2
c. list1 = list1 * 2

stRecord = ['Raman','A-36',[56,98,99,72,69],78.8]

list1[index]

list1[start:stop]

list1[start:stop:step]

list1 + list2

list1 * n

element in list1

element not in list1

list1.append(element)

list1.extend(list2)

list1.insert(index,element)

list1.remove(element)

list1.pop(index)

list1.reverse()

list1.sort()

sorted(list1)